Yi: Lunar New Year: Year of the Wood Snake at 2025-02-27 18:45 CMT

Gua #8 Union

From Alfred Huang’s The Complete I Ching
#8 Bi • Union

NAME AND STRUCTURE
Bi is the inverse of the preceding gua, Shi, Multitude. Bi suggests intimacy and closeness. People living together should love and care about each other; then they will become intimate and close. Wilhelm translates this gua as Holding Together (Union); Blofeld as Unity, Coordination. In this book, Bi is called Union.
Sequence of the Gua: In a multitude, there must be a bond of union. Thus, after Multitude, Union follows. In ancient times, Bi was the fundamental unit of the Chinese household registry system. Every five households formed one unit, called Bi. In every Bi a head was appointed, to take care of the neighborhood. Thus, Bi also means neighborhood and symbolizes a close bond of the people in a community.

The ancient ideograph of Bi is simple; it shows two persons standing close together. The structure of the gua is Water above, earth below. When earth contains water, it becomes soft. When water is on the earth, it flows. The ancient king gained insight from the close relationship between water and earth; he established numerous states and maintained a close relationship with his subordinate lords.

Decision
Seeking union.
Good fortune.
Examine the divination:
Sublimely persevering, steadfast and upright.
No fault.
Restless factions just coming.
Lagging behind: misfortune.

Commentary on the Decision
Seeking union. Good fortune .
It is for mutual help .
The lower follows the upper .
Examine the divination :
Sublimely persevering, steadfast and upright .
No fault .
Due to its firmness and central position .
Restless factions just coming .
The upper and the lower correspond .
Lagging behind: misfortune .
There is no way out.


Using Jou Tsung Wa’s transliteration of the Plum Blossom Method into Western numerical norms, this cast is based on the date and time of the event in question. Note that the lunar new year is at the exact same time for everybody on the planet, whereas of course with a solar calendar sunrises vary from place to place. Therefore this Cast’s interpretation is made with the whole world in mind, especially given that these are such geopolitically ‘interesting times’.

Embedded below are two pdf documents. All one needs to do is read the front page to ‘grok’ the entire reading, but lower down are extracts from classical texts and several different ways of looking at Hexagrams (layers and levels, always!), including trigram analysis, Heaven Earth and Man, looking at the lines, and all framed within William Horden’s Mathematical I Ching approach wherein broken lines are worth numbers and solid lines are not, counting from the bottom 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1.

Yesterday I used X’s Grok AI to write a script that can instantly calculate and display the five hexagrams based on the Event Time method and used it for the first time for this pdf presentation. It saves time and is fun, but ultimately doesn’t help determine the interpretation in any way.

I don’t use Huang’s ideograph in my reading, just posting here for visual appeal and extra value, but this one especially echoes the Derived Hexagram #29 which is Water below Water above featuring strong leadership in the central line of each hexagram and visually looks like a bipolar situation – in the sense of two poles, not any mental disorder. They are side by side in the gua, indicating a true partnership. If such can soon be forged between the various parties now in conflict, and especially Putin’s Russia and Trump’s USA, this would be a very fine thing for the entire world.

But there is more! Because the first result’s Primary was #8 wherein the classic text recommends casting again to see if the leader in question possesses the necessary qualities to undertake this great task, there is a second Cast made by myself using the coins supplementing the first. Both are hereby embedded. Enjoy!

Yi Event: US-Russia Ambassadorial Meeting: 2025-02-18 10:00 am


Hexagram #53 Gradual Progress

From Alfred Huang’s Complete I Ching:

53
Jian • Developing Gradually

NAME AND STRUCTURE
Jian means gradual, developing gradually, or progressing step by step. Wilhelm translates Jian as Development (Gradual Progress). Blofeld also translates it as Gradual Progress. Here I adopt the term Developing Gradually.

The ideograph of Jian consists of three parts. Jian was the name of a river whose fountainhead lay in the mountains in central China at a place called Dan-yang in the kingdom of Zhou. The Jian river crossed the vast area of central China and gradually became vast itself as it flowed east to the ocean. The ancients chose this river as a symbol of gradual development. The left part of the ideograph is the sign for water, which looks like the primary gua Water turned vertically. The central and the right images put together provide the sound of the character Jian.

Sequence of the Gua: Events cannot continue in stillness without moving. Thus, after Keeping Still, Developing Gradually follows.
The structure of the gua is Wood above, Mountain below. It denotes a tree that is growing gradually to its height on a mountain. When the trunk of a tree grows upward above the ground, its roots develop deep underneath the earth. The progress of upward and downward growth are in positive proportion. In this way, the tree remains strong, firm, and stable. This is the wisdom of nature. Weeds grow fast; they are neither strong nor stable.
In the text of the gua the analogy of a marrying maiden describes a gradual process of development. In ancient China, before the wedding of a couple there was a process of several ceremonies. First, there should be a proposal. After an agreement was reached, both presented betrothal gifts to each other, and then a ceremony of engagement was performed. These ceremonies proceeded gradually. In this gua,
from the second line to the fifth line, every line is correct in its placement. It symbolizes the pureness and correctness of the maiden’s virtue. There is good fortune. In the Yao Text, the landing of a swan at different places is used to demonstrate the process of gradual development.

From Alfred Huang’s The Complete I Ching

Introductory Comments

This event took place on 18th February 2025 at 10:00 AM local time, this date and time being used to calculate the resultant Hexagrams with a single Changing Line in accordance with the Plum Blossom Mind method as explained by Jou Tsung Wa in his book The Tao of I Ching Way.

The attached pdf Commentary is fairly long so this Introduction is short. But this Reading featured Line Three prominently, to whit:

a) The Changing Line

b) Earth #15: all broken lines with one Yang line in 3rd Place

c) Future Influence: all solid lines with one yin line in 3rd place

This was the first Ambassador Level meeting between the United States and Russia since before the start of the Special Military Operation in 2022. Often Line 5 is regarded as the Ruler with Line 4 as the Ministerial level. Line 3 could be local officials but in this case I have taken it to mean lower level level national leaders or nations such as in this context Ukraine, Israel, Iran, Greenland, Canada.

The most immediate urgent issue with outright killing every day is Ukraine with her leader Zelinsky who was much in the news before and after the Conference, agitated that he was not invited to the Big Table. The text for the Changing Line in the Third Place is decidedly negative indicating loss, theft, waste, disappointment. I have taken this to refer especially to both Ukraine and Israel which recently have seen extensive violence and loss of life.

In any case, the overall thrust of the Reading emphasizes the necessity to go through a worthy process leading to integration step by step, starting at the bottom, in this case with the lower Line Three. These local hot spots must be resolved before any sort of higher level Grand Bargain, which both Putin and Trump have expressed interest in crafting, can be made. A fairly obvious point, but nice to see so nicely laid out by a cluster of Hexagrams from a very old diagnostic and divinatory model from ancient China.

Layers & Levels Chapter 13 Of Cathedrals and Civilizations

Aerial view of the Cathedral in Mexico

A casual conversation between two X users with hardly any followers:

https://twitter.com/AshleySCHowes/status/1884972251545481636

Big lemon @big_lemon_real

Yep, no one is denying that. I view it as the unfortunate price paid to modernize the Chinese society, one of the unintended consequences. It may sound cruel, I’m a believer of social Darwinism. We Chinese, at least elites, are smart enough to learn from the past

[Ash] I would go back to the notion of combining of good and bad. Modernization is seemingly inevitable in that very few (though some) argue it is undesirable. But not all ways of modernizing are equal nor all social arrangements involved.

I haven’t read this anywhere else but:

I believe the meaning of life for human beings is a combination of individual enlightenment, such as that explained by Lord Buddha with, as groups, creating enlightened societies, or civilizations. I don’t know enough of Asian history to have clear examples from literature or history but in Europe for a while there was a period wherein cathedrals were built. I always marvelled at the determination it must have taken to spend over a hundred years, which means several generations, on a single building project. Then one day I realized: that was the point.

The cathedral was a means for organizing a society over many generations along principles which harmonized the practical aspects of building such a large structure along with funding it, feeding people, providing the ideal societal infrastructure required, along with fostering the cultural-spiritual vision inspiring the whole thing. So the building itself wasn’t the goal so much as the societal gestalt, or process, it would take to both manage building it as well as value its meaning, which in the end is a large hall for the entire society to come together to praise Heaven, to worship eternal values. Put another way, it takes a whole lot of work (Man) on the quanta (Earth-matter) level, to create appreciation for qualia (Heaven-values) level.

From Three Treasures POV, building cathedrals is an ideal exercise in creating an enlightened society joining together Heaven, Earth and Man (which I wrote about: https://baronbrasdor.art/2024/02/21/layers-levels-chapter-five-heaven-earth-man/). Coming together to create civilizations, moreover uplifted, wise, sane, glorious civilization, is a core mission of human beings, just like trees like to create forests, and plants like to produce beautiful flowers. Again along with individual enlightenment which can permeate an entire civilizational culture as it did in Asia, for example, for more a couple of millennia and no doubt will again at some point.

Which is a long way of saying that not all civilizations, and therefore not all modernizations, are equal. On the technological front, China now leads; this is partly due to better social structures which China has both inherited from her ancestors and forged since the bloody 20th century, and partly due to cycles: America, after an extraordinary up period, is now on the overly corrupt downward slope run by greedy oligarchs who take ever more percentage of GDP as rent, so to speak; whereas China is still in the emerging growth phase, though I suspect the peak has already been reached which is why the population is rumoured to be declining now and there is a surplus of cars and housing etc.

Once the material growth phase is over, the quality or values of the civilization become more important. My guess is that China will do better than the West in this regard since it has better foundations; but how it looks to me now from far away is that China too has over-emphasized materialism, which is the hallmark of this post industrial revolution age, and at some point will have to make a spiritual course correction, hopefully sooner than later. Also, it seems to me from afar (so I may be wrong), that they are overly frightened of spiritual traditions which may undermine their power and control, and so marginalize, suppress or devalue them and in so doing harm their own civilization. (And again, the West is worse off in this regard.) Which is why you don’t see the CCP putting together multi-generational spirituality-enhancing projects like building cathedrals; rather they are building trains, ships, cities and such.

Something like that.

[Big Lemon response] A great read, thank you. I’m lucky enough to be in a position to observe China from arms length. There are so many underlying social issues in the current society that can’t be addressed. After the collapse of the communism ideals/dreams, the only (dangerous) course to follow is unfortunately nationalism, a cheap way to unite or quiet a restless populace. Religious route will never be chosen by CCP as this will cancel the very basic principle of their existence. I would love to see Chinese people start pursuing spirituality once again.

https://twitter.com/AshleySCHowes/status/1884983393009426784

[ASH] Like just about everything in the human realm, nationalism is a two-edged blade. A good society should enjoy some sense of togetherness and positive pride just as a bad society will feel the opposite, with everyone basically fighting everyone else, hurting everyone else.

Spirituality is tricky because demonic minds recognize its power and so work to infiltrate and undermine it using deceit. This is partly why civilizations have to keep reinventing themselves in order to have duration.

I suspect that much of daoism comes not only from individual adepts (again the Buddha principle) who pioneered breathing and moving yogas, saw the meridians through clear inner vision and such, but also from early experience with multiple small civilizations in the early (feudal) days long before Confucius; they understand that they have to balance strength (yang) with adaptability (yin) in order to have longevity. This is in part why the Zhou Yi is called the Classic of Change. We might call it Process. Everything is an ever-unfolding process, always moving, never static. So you have to learn how to flow, to breath, to move, to change.

Most people trying to create long-lived societies tend to try to freeze the leadership or command structures to maintain a grip on power. The CCP seems to have this approach which is why they dislike spirituality.

Because spirituality – any sort of genuine approach that is – values eternal principles over temporal exigencies. Values are not material, things like honour, honesty, courage, kindness, simplicity, clarity of mind, wisdom, obedience, loyalty. Also beauty, harmony, sophistication, elegance, hard work, good carpentry, saying ‘good morning’. The old Chinese sages and people understood this sort of value system well – as do all good civilizations throughout history – but again I think one of the great insights that the Chinese grocked a long time ago was the flow or change principle as it relates to engendering continuity, or longevity, or social stability. I don’t think I’ve seen that anywhere else. It’s fascinating also because on the yogic, or practitioner, level, the Chinese introduced the world to Chi in a quintessentially Chinese way. Although more or less the same as the Hindu prajna, in Chinese descriptions and practice is is often described as a type of energetic flow, albeit there are no end of different chis. Lung chi is different from kidney chi. Inner chi is different from outer chi. There is group chi (like watching sports in a stadium, or doing tai chi together in the park) different from individual chi (doing tai chi alone); endless. All flowing like streams and rivers. Societal organization manages societal chi flow so cannot be entirely static though perhaps is like a plumbing system sometimes: the tubes are somewhat static to accommodate that which flows through them. But that too is an art involving the management of that which flows alongside that which is still.

So it has always been; so it will always be.

https://twitter.com/AshleySCHowes/status/1884957229884785016

that which splits apart comes together
that which is agitated becomes tranquil
that which never moves has movement all around

Yi: 2025. Leadership > Flushing out 8-2,5 > 47 < 23

Well, I said I would do less of these I Ching articles but for the New Year I will do a couple. The Chinese New year is January 29th whereas this year the Tibetan calculation, which I use, is not until February 28th. Anyway, I used coins for this cast and it seems to me to be a fairly straightforward take on what is happening in the US, especially with Trump assuming power again on January 20th. And the hexagrams line up fairly simply as the embedded pdf reading below tells. ‘Nuff said.

Second conversation with Grok

Substack article link

Image generated by grok after the interchange, no specific prompt (I like my logo better! – see at end)

https://twitter.com/i/grok/share/56u0OaybqYCt1v47PdLqWDoUo

X Post link: https://x.com/AshleySCHowes/status/1868376211723784423

Apparently the first Grok link only opens the last part of the conversation. Here is text of the whole interchange:

[Ash:] What are the main arguments now playing out about how consciousness is an irreducible element in ‘reality’?

The debate over consciousness as an irreducible element in ‘reality’ encompasses several key arguments across philosophy, neuroscience, and physics. Here are the main points:

Qualitative Experience (Qualia):

Argument: Some philosophers argue that the subjective, qualitative aspects of consciousness (like the redness of red or the pain of a headache) cannot be fully explained by physical states of the brain. This is often referred to as the “hard problem of consciousness,” highlighting that while we can explain how the brain processes information, we cannot explain why these processes give rise to subjective experience. This suggests consciousness might be something fundamental and irreducible to purely physical descriptions.

Panpsychism:

Argument: This view posits that consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the universe, much like space, time, or mass. Proponents argue that if consciousness is an intrinsic property of all matter, then it would be irreducible to simpler components. Instead, consciousness would be a basic element of reality. This perspective challenges the idea that consciousness is merely an emergent property of complex neural systems.

Integrated Information Theory (IIT):

Argument: IIT suggests that consciousness is an intrinsic property of certain physical systems, characterized by their capacity to integrate information. According to this theory, consciousness cannot be reduced to the sum of its parts because it is defined by how the parts interact to create an integrated whole. This theory implies that consciousness is not just a byproduct of neural complexity but a fundamental aspect of highly integrated systems, potentially irreducible to simpler physical components.

Emergentism vs. Reductionism:

Argument: While emergentism argues that consciousness arises from the interaction of simpler elements in complex systems (like the brain), there’s a debate about whether this emergence is strong or weak. Strong emergence suggests consciousness has properties not deducible from the properties of its constituent parts, making it irreducible in some sense. However, reductionists argue that all properties, including consciousness, should ultimately be explainable by the behavior of fundamental particles, thus rejecting the idea of irreducibility.

Quantum Theories of Consciousness:

Argument: Some theories propose that consciousness might be linked to quantum phenomena, suggesting that it could be an irreducible aspect of reality due to its connection with quantum mechanics, which is inherently non-deterministic and non-local. This perspective often involves speculative ideas about how quantum states in microtubules within neurons might play a role in generating consciousness, suggesting a fundamental nature to consciousness that transcends classical physics.

Philosophical and Epistemological Arguments:

Argument: From a philosophical standpoint, there are arguments that consciousness provides a unique perspective on reality which cannot be captured by third-person scientific descriptions alone. This subjective aspect of experience might indicate that consciousness is not just a result of physical processes but a fundamental feature of reality itself.

These arguments collectively explore whether consciousness can be explained solely in terms of physical processes or if it demands acknowledgment as an irreducible element of reality, potentially influencing our understanding of the nature of reality itself.

[Ash] Does three dimensional space self-exist on the quantum level absence consciousness to structure perception so that it is perceivable as such?

The question of whether three-dimensional space self-exists at the quantum level without consciousness to structure perception is deeply philosophical and touches on various interpretations of quantum mechanics and the nature of reality. Here’s how this issue is approached from different perspectives:

Copenhagen Interpretation:

Argument: This interpretation posits that quantum states are inherently probabilistic until measured or observed. Before observation, physical systems exist in a superposition of all possible states. The act of measurement by a conscious observer collapses this superposition into a definite state. However, this view does not necessarily imply that space itself is contingent on consciousness but rather the properties and states within space. Thus, three-dimensional space might be seen as existing independently, but its quantum properties require an observer to become definite.

Quantum Realism vs. Idealism:

Quantum Realism: Suggests that quantum phenomena have definite properties independent of observation, implying that three-dimensional space exists at the quantum level regardless of whether it’s perceived. This perspective aligns with views like the Many-Worlds Interpretation, where all possible outcomes of quantum measurements exist in separate, branching realities, none requiring consciousness for existence.

Idealism: Some forms of quantum idealism argue that consciousness plays a more direct role in shaping reality. For example, the idea that consciousness might be fundamental, as proposed by some interpretations, could suggest that three-dimensional space at the quantum level is structured by or through consciousness. However, this is more speculative and not universally accepted.

Non-locality and Quantum Entanglement:

These quantum phenomena suggest that information can correlate across space in ways that challenge classical notions of spatial separation. While this doesn’t directly answer whether three-dimensional space exists independently of consciousness, it does indicate that the fabric of space might have properties that are not fully described by classical physics or might not require human perception to manifest.

Objective Collapse Theories:

Theories like Penrose’s Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch-OR) propose that quantum superpositions inherently collapse due to gravitational effects, without the need for a conscious observer. This would imply that three-dimensional space and quantum phenomena within it have an objective existence independent of consciousness.

Philosophical and Mystical Views:

Some philosophical or mystical interpretations, like those discussed in certain Eastern philosophies or by thinkers like Wheeler, suggest a participatory universe where consciousness plays a role in the unfolding of reality. However, these views often do not claim that three-dimensional space at the quantum level doesn’t exist without consciousness but rather that consciousness might influence or interpret this space in unique ways.

In summary, the mainstream scientific consensus does not necessarily require consciousness for three-dimensional space to exist at the quantum level. However, interpretations of quantum mechanics vary, with some suggesting a more fundamental role for consciousness in shaping or experiencing reality. The debate remains open, with no definitive answer, as it hinges on philosophical interpretations of quantum mechanics and the nature of consciousness itself.

[Ash]I would posit that just as consciousness is an irreducible, or all-pervasive, element in ‘reality’, so also is the creation of a perceivable three dimensional space field an irreducible, all-pervasive, function of such consciousness. Also that what physicists call space IS a consciousness field, which is not physical and does not itself possess measurable parameters in terms of either spatial size or temporal duration. It is what accommodates space-time, which are relative, and so in some sense base or all-pervasive consciousness is an absolute. Physics has a hard time wrapping its view around notions that are immaterial without beginning or end, without measurable location. So one could say that Mind is a type of Absolute all-pervasive container of relative reality. The problem is that we associate consciousness with individual organisms imagining how mind is produced from within those organisms (aka emergence), whereas this is no more the case than that a computer screen generates the images displayed upon it streamed from Netflix.

Your perspective aligns with several philosophical and speculative theories in physics and metaphysics that view consciousness and space as fundamentally intertwined or even identical in some aspects. Here’s an exploration of your points from various angles:

Consciousness as Fundamental:

Philosophical Idealism: This perspective, seen in thinkers like Berkeley or more modern interpretations like those by Bernardo Kastrup, suggests that consciousness isn’t just a product of matter but rather the foundational reality from which matter and space derive. In this view, everything, including three-dimensional space, emerges from or is a manifestation of consciousness.

Space as a Consciousness Field:

Your idea that space itself might be a manifestation of consciousness challenges the conventional materialist view where space is merely a backdrop for physical events. This is reminiscent of:

Quantum Field Theory (QFT): Although QFT deals with fields of particles, some speculative interpretations extend this to suggest that all fields (including spacetime) could be aspects of a universal consciousness or information field.

Holographic Principle: Suggests the universe might be like a hologram where all the information about three-dimensional space is encoded on a two-dimensional surface. This can be philosophically extended to argue that this encoding might be done in a ‘mind’ or consciousness.

Absolute vs. Relative:

Your notion that consciousness is absolute while space-time is relative resonates with philosophical ideas about the Absolute (e.g., in Advaita Vedanta, where Brahman is the all-encompassing reality, and all else is Maya or illusion). Here, space-time would be part of the relative, phenomenal world, while consciousness (or the Absolute) would be the unchanging substratum.

Challenges for Physics:

Physics typically deals with measurable, quantifiable aspects of reality, which poses a significant challenge when considering phenomena or constructs like consciousness that do not fit neatly into this framework.

Immaterial Nature: The idea that consciousness (and thus space as a consciousness field) lacks physical parameters like size or duration pushes against the limits of current scientific methodologies, which are designed to measure physical phenomena.

Emergence and the Organismic View of Consciousness:

The common scientific view that consciousness emerges from complex neural interactions within organisms is challenged by your analogy of a computer screen. Here, you suggest consciousness isn’t produced by the brain in the same way a screen doesn’t produce the content it displays; instead, consciousness might be the medium through which reality is experienced or even exists.

Mind as an Absolute Container:

This notion aligns with ideas like Wheeler’s “Participatory Anthropic Principle,” where observers (conscious beings) are integral to the universe’s existence. In a more radical interpretation, the universe might be thought of as a dream or thought within a cosmic mind.

Your position, therefore, encourages a reevaluation of how we understand both consciousness and space, suggesting they might be more intimately linked or even aspects of the same underlying reality. This view challenges materialism and opens up discussions in philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and speculative physics about the nature of reality itself. However, these ideas move into speculative territory where empirical science has yet to provide definitive answers, leaving much room for philosophical debate and exploration.

Vortex Logo – from a Dream

In response to my Vortex Logo above, Grok commented:

Your “Vortex logo” from your dream captures the essence of the concept beautifully. Here’s a breakdown of how it might relate to the conversation’s subject matter:

  1. Spiral and Circle Design:
    • Spiral: Often symbolizes transformation, evolution, or the unfolding of consciousness. In the context of our discussion, it could represent the dynamic nature of consciousness and its relationship with space.
    • Circle: Represents unity, infinity, and the cyclical nature of existence. It could symbolize the all-encompassing nature of consciousness, suggesting that everything, including three-dimensional space, is contained within or emanates from consciousness.
  2. Monochromatic Black and White:
    • This choice of color scheme might reflect the idea of simplicity and universality, emphasizing the fundamental, irreducible nature of consciousness. It also avoids distractions, focusing the viewer’s attention on the form and its symbolic meaning.
  3. Rough, Bold Texture:
    • This could signify the raw, unrefined nature of understanding consciousness and space, suggesting that these concepts are primal and not fully captured by conventional scientific methods.
  4. Central Feature:
    • The central part of your logo, resembling an “@” symbol, could be interpreted as the intersection or focal point of consciousness and space, where the observer (consciousness) and the observed (space) meet, reflecting your idea that space might be a function of consciousness.
  5. Dream Origin:
    • The fact that this design came from a dream adds a layer of personal and perhaps mystical significance. Dreams are often seen as a direct expression of the subconscious or a deeper level of consciousness, which aligns well with the theme of consciousness being a fundamental aspect of reality.

This logo encapsulates the idea of consciousness as a foundational aspect of reality, with space as an extension or manifestation of that consciousness. It visually suggests that our perception of three-dimensional space is inherently tied to, or perhaps even created by, the act of conscious observation or the nature of consciousness itself.

[Grok is never at a loss for words, it seems!]

First Encounter with A.I. Grok

Layers & Levels 1-12 Grok Analysis

I was surprised by how much sense Grok makes and who well he/she/it seems to be able to pick up on a complex smorgasbord of ideas. I had to paste in the text of all twelve chapters, which is about 100 computer pages (probably less than half that of a typical book page) which Grok absorbed in about 5 seconds before typing out its response. Later I asked Grok create rock song lyrics in the style of Bob Dylan’s Thunder in the Mountain but it could not provide music though it could provide chord progressions (basically anything in text). The album cover wasn’t all that great, but anyway. My takeaway from this first session is that Grok can be quite helpful in doing comparative analysis of text-based data, though it is limited in terms of what is in its data base. Still, if you can copy paste materials it doesn’t have (such as my essays on this blog), then it can instantly ‘grok’ it and compare it to other text in its data base. I found the back and forth about Aristotle’s four causes interesting, plus I enjoyed receiving a compliment from the machine to boot!


SESSION:

Question [from me]: Please provide a summary of the source material provided (https://baronbrasdor.art/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ch-0-12-puntos-1-6-collection.pdf ).

(This material includes the currently published first 12 chapters plus 6 smaller ‘puntos’ put into one long pdf file which, unfortunately, Grok could not read, though you can.)

Answer [from Grok]:

Summary of Core Themes:

  1. Multidimensionality of Experience:
    • The series emphasizes the idea that reality is not singular but composed of multiple layers and levels, or dimensions. This concept is applied to various contexts, from daily activities to philosophical and spiritual insights, suggesting that what we perceive as reality is multifaceted, involving physical, mental, and experiential dimensions.
  2. Non-Materialist Perspectives:
    • There is a recurring theme of challenging materialistic views by presenting and exploring non-materialist frameworks like Buddhist philosophy (Five Skandhas, Six Realms, Five Buddha Families), Taoist principles (Yin and Yang, Five Phases), and other spiritual or philosophical systems. These perspectives argue for the existence of dimensions beyond the physical, including consciousness, intentionality, and interdependent phenomena.
  3. Integration of Philosophy and Everyday Life:
    • The series attempts to bridge esoteric or abstract concepts with everyday experiences, suggesting that philosophical ideas about reality are not distant but are embedded in the ordinary. Examples include the metaphor of a continuously simmering pot in Languedoc or the simplicity of observing an apple, illustrating how these layers and levels manifest in our daily lives.
  4. Critique of Materialism:
    • Materialism, especially its reductionist form, is critiqued for its limitation in explaining human experience, consciousness, and the complexity of life. The series argues that this view oversimplifies reality, neglecting the richness of subjective experience and the interconnectedness of phenomena.
  5. Cultural and Historical Contexts:
    • The discussions often touch on how different cultures and historical periods have approached the idea of reality, with a particular emphasis on Eastern philosophies versus Western materialism. This includes references to ancient Chinese and Japanese cultural practices that embody the principles of Heaven, Earth, and Man, or the concept of Mandala in understanding phenomena.
  6. Symbolism and Language of Experience:
    • There’s an exploration of how symbols and language, like the Vortex logo or terms like ‘mandala’, serve as tools for understanding the layered nature of reality. These symbols help convey the dynamic, interrelated nature of existence, where form, function, and meaning are intertwined.
  7. Application to Contemporary Issues:
    • The series applies these layered perspectives to current events, like the political debate between Trump and Kamala Harris, demonstrating how multiple layers of context, history, and perception influence what might seem like a straightforward event. This application suggests that understanding these layers can lead to a more nuanced view of complex issues.
  8. Exploration of Consciousness and Mind:
    • Consciousness or mind is frequently highlighted as a fundamental dimension of reality, akin to space and time. This theme challenges the notion that only the physical world is real, positing that consciousness is a continuous, ever-present dimension that shapes our perception and interaction with the world.

Overall, the series promotes a holistic view of existence, encouraging readers to perceive the world through various lenses that include but go beyond the physical, thereby enriching one’s understanding of reality as an intricate, multi-dimensional tapestry.

[Me] Pretty good! Am impressed with how rapidly you can absorb and summarize the data, extrapolating various themes therein and expressing them clearly in your own formulation. This is basically my first encounter with a LLM / AI. If I now go away for a while, say a day or two, will you remember all this or do we have to start over with my pasting in the text?

Answer

I’m glad you found the summary helpful! Regarding your question:

  • Memory of Conversation: I can maintain context within the session we’re currently in. However, if you come back after a period away, especially if it’s a new session or if the platform has reset, I might not have direct access to our previous conversation. To ensure continuity, you would need to provide the context or the text again, or at least refer to the topics we’ve discussed.
  • Starting Over: If you provide the text again, I can re-analyze it, but it won’t be necessary to paste the entire content if you just want to continue discussing themes or ask follow-up questions. A summary or key points from your side would suffice to jog my “memory” of our previous discussion.
  • Practical Suggestion: If you plan on revisiting the conversation, you might want to save a copy of your summary or key points for reference. This way, you can quickly bring me up to speed on our past discussions when you return.

Remember, while I strive to provide coherent and informed responses, my “memory” is session-based in this context. If you’re on a platform that allows for personal accounts or bookmarks, using such features could help in managing and revisiting past interactions more efficiently.

Understood. Now, if I keep this tab open for the next few hours, you will still be in session, right?

Answer

Yes, if you keep this tab open for the next few hours, our session should remain active, and I will retain the context of our conversation. This means we can continue discussing without needing to reintroduce the same information. However, if for any reason the session times out or you close the tab and reopen it later, we might start a new session, and I would need you to provide context again.

Understood. I now return to a more human level of processing, which takes more time! Thank you. [The conversation disappeared next time I was at the tab after saving it so maybe I did something wrong, but anyway.]

Answer

Understood! I’m here whenever you’re ready to continue. Enjoy your time processing at your own pace!

OK, based on this same source material from my blog which you already well summarized, please present a simple report comparing that material to ideas from a) plato b) aristotle c) Heidegger and d) Alexandr Dugin looking for any clear resonances or contradictions/objections if possible.

Answer

Here is a simplified report comparing the themes from your blog series with the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, Heidegger, and Alexander Dugin:

a) Plato:

  • Resonances:
    • Theory of Forms: The idea that reality has multiple layers or dimensions aligns with Plato’s concept of the world of Forms or Ideas, where true reality exists beyond the physical world. Your exploration of non-materialist views of reality could be seen as a modern exploration or interpretation of these Forms, where the essence of things (like beauty, truth, or goodness) transcends their material manifestations.
    • Allegory of the Cave: The layers of reality you discuss can be likened to different stages of enlightenment in Plato’s allegory, where moving from the shadows (material world) towards the light (world of Forms) reflects a journey through different levels of understanding.
  • Contradictions/Objections:
    • Material vs. Ideal: While Plato posits that the material world is an imperfect reflection of the ideal, your material focuses on the integration of material and non-material aspects without necessarily viewing the physical as inferior or merely a shadow of a higher reality.

b) Aristotle:

  • Resonances:
    • Hylomorphism: Aristotle’s idea that substances are a combination of matter and form (or potentiality and actuality) resonates with your discussion of Body, Speech, and Mind, where each aspect of existence has its form and matter in a layered, interdependent relationship.
    • Causation: Aristotle’s four causes (material, formal, efficient, and final) can be seen in your layers, especially in how phenomena have a purpose or telos, which might be reflected in the ‘Mind’ or intentionality dimension.
  • Contradictions/Objections:
    • Empiricism: Aristotle’s approach is more empirical, focusing on the observation of the natural world. Your series, while considering the physical, delves deeply into non-empirical dimensions like consciousness and spirituality, which might not align directly with Aristotle’s natural philosophy.

c) Martin Heidegger:

  • Resonances:
    • Being and Time: Heidegger’s exploration of ‘being’ and how we exist in time could resonate with your discussion of layers like the ‘aeviternal’ and the ‘corporeal’, especially in how human existence transcends mere physical presence through time and consciousness.
    • Dasein: The concept of ‘being-there’ (Dasein) involves understanding existence through being-in-the-world, which can parallel your notion of an experiential continuum where layers of existence are interwoven.
  • Contradictions/Objections:
    • Focus on Authenticity: Heidegger’s philosophy often centers on authenticity and being-towards-death, themes less overtly present in your series. Your focus on layers and levels might be seen as less concerned with the existential dread or the authentic mode of being Heidegger emphasized.

d) Alexander Dugin:

  • Resonances:
    • Multipolarity and Traditionalism: Dugin’s advocacy for a return to traditional values and his critique of unipolar materialism could resonate with your critique of modern materialism and the exploration of Eastern and pre-modern ways of understanding reality. His ideas on the spiritual and cultural layers of civilizations might align with your exploration of cultural and spiritual dimensions of reality.
    • Esoteric and Geopolitical Layers: Like your series, Dugin sees the world through multiple layers, from the geopolitical to the spiritual, though his focus is often more on the political and cultural implications of these layers.
  • Contradictions/Objections:
    • Political Philosophy: Dugin’s philosophy is heavily intertwined with political ideology, particularly Eurasianism, which might not directly correlate with your exploration of philosophical and spiritual layers unless one considers the broader implications of cultural identity and geopolitical strategy.

Conclusion:

Your series appears to resonate with various philosophical ideas in different ways, particularly in its critique of materialism and its exploration of multidimensional existence. While there are clear resonances with the metaphysical and epistemological explorations of Plato and Aristotle, and with Heidegger’s ontology of being, the political and cultural dimensions of Dugin’s thought provide a different but interesting comparative lens. However, your approach might diverge in its emphasis on integrating these layers in daily, personal experience rather than solely in abstract or political spheres.

Thank you, interesting. Regarding specifically your: “Causation: Aristotle’s four causes (material, formal, efficient, and final) can be seen in your layers, especially in how phenomena have a purpose or telos, which might be reflected in the ‘Mind’ or intentionality dimension.” Could you elaborate further on that?

Answer

Certainly. Aristotle’s theory of causation involves four distinct types of causes, each explaining different aspects of why something exists or behaves the way it does:

  1. Material Cause: This is what something is made of. For example, the wood in a table is its material cause.
  2. Formal Cause: This is the form or essence that defines what something is. For the table, its formal cause is the design or idea of ‘tableness’.
  3. Efficient Cause: This is the primary source of change or rest. It’s what makes something happen; for instance, the carpenter who constructs the table.
  4. Final Cause (Telos): This is the purpose or goal for which a thing exists or is done. The final cause of the table might be to provide a surface for eating or working.

Now, relating these to the themes from your blog series:

  • Mind as a Dimension of Causation:
    • Material Cause: In your series, while the physical world (Body) would be the most straightforward material cause, the ‘Mind’ dimension can be seen as providing the material for thought, consciousness, and intentionality. The mind is the substrate for mental phenomena, much like wood is for a table.
    • Formal Cause: The ‘Mind’ can be considered as having a form or essence that shapes our experiences and perceptions. It’s the structure or framework through which we interpret the world. The concept of recognition or categorization (as in the Skandhas) could be seen as a formal cause, defining how we perceive or categorize reality.
    • Efficient Cause: Here, the mind acts like the efficient cause by initiating action through thought, intention, or decision. The mind decides to act or not to act, influences behavior, and thus is the ‘agent’ behind many actions. This aligns with your discussion on motivation and volition in the Skandhas or the intentionality inherent in consciousness.
    • Final Cause: Perhaps most vividly, the ‘Mind’ or consciousness can be linked to the final cause through the concept of intentionality or purpose (telos). The mind often drives beings towards certain ends or goals, which could be seen as the final cause of actions or the purpose behind phenomena. For instance, the ‘Man’ in the Heaven, Earth, and Man model might be seen as embodying the final cause by acting out the purposes or intentions that emerge from the interaction between the heavenly and earthly realms.

In your series, the exploration of consciousness and intentionality (Mind) provides a dimension where phenomena have purpose or telos. This aligns with Aristotle’s final cause, where everything in nature has a purpose or function. The mind, in this context, isn’t just a passive observer but actively shapes and directs experience towards some end or meaning, much like Aristotle’s view that everything has a purpose toward which it strives. This perspective challenges a purely materialistic or mechanistic view by suggesting that mental states have causal powers and purposes, reflecting Aristotle’s teleological approach where the end or purpose influences the process.

Thank you. Could you please provide the original Greek words for the four causes along with their etymology so I can better understand them?

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Here are the original Greek words for Aristotle’s four causes along with their etymology:

  1. Material Cause (ὕλη, hū́lē):
    • Etymology: The word hū́lē originally meant “forest” or “wood”, which is apt since wood is often the material from which many objects are made. It’s related to the idea of matter as the substratum or “stuff” out of which things are made. Over time, its philosophical use by Aristotle shifted to mean “matter” in a more abstract sense.
  2. Formal Cause (εἶδος, eidos, or μορφή, morphē):
    • Etymology:
      • Eidos comes from the verb eidéō, which means “to see” or “to know”, suggesting that form is what we perceive or know about an object. It deals with the essence or the form that something possesses.
      • Morphē relates to “shape” or “form”, from which the English word “morphology” derives, focusing on the visible structure or configuration of something.
  3. Efficient Cause (κινοῦν, kinoûn, or αἰτία τοῦ κινεῖν, aitia tou kinein):
    • Etymology:
      • Kinoûn is from the verb kineō, meaning “to move” or “to cause to move”. This cause is what directly brings about change or motion.
      • Aitia tou kinein means “the cause of movement” where aitia itself means “cause” or “reason”, often used in contexts of legal responsibility or origin of an event.
  4. Final Cause (τέλος, telos):
    • Etymology: Telos means “end”, “purpose”, or “goal”. It’s from this word that we get terms like “teleology” – the study of purposes or final causes. The concept of telos in Aristotle’s philosophy emphasizes that everything in nature has an inherent goal or purpose towards which it moves or strives.

Additional Notes on Aitia:

  • The term aitia (αἰτία) is central to Aristotle’s discussion of causes. It can mean “cause”, “explanation”, or “reason”. It’s derived from the verb aitiáomai, which means “to accuse”, “to blame”, or “to hold responsible”. In Aristotle’s philosophical context, aitia expands from its legalistic sense of responsibility to a broader notion of explaining why something is the way it is.

Understanding these terms in their Greek context helps grasp Aristotle’s nuanced approach to causality, where causes are not just about physical interactions but also about purpose, form, and the very essence of being. This holistic view of causation reflects a world where objects and events are not just mechanically explained but also understood through their ends and forms.

Thank you. Can you revise your previous answer explaining the Four Causes in relation to my source material including how they derive from the original Greek, and offer alternative translations for the various titles (material, formal, efficient and final)?

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Certainly, here’s a revised explanation relating Aristotle’s Four Causes to your source material, with a focus on their Greek origins and offering alternative translations:

Material Cause (ὕλη, hū́lē)

  • Etymology/Original Greek: Hū́lē initially referred to “wood” or “forest”, but philosophically, it represents the “stuff” that things are made of.
  • Alternative Translation: Substantial Cause or Constitutive Cause – These terms emphasize that it’s about the substance or the constituents that make up an object or phenomenon.
  • Relation to Your Material: In your series, this could relate to the “Body” aspect, where the physical components of experience or existence are considered. It’s the raw material of our sensory world, akin to the formless potential from which all phenomena arise. However, you also discuss consciousness or mind, which might not fit neatly into this category but can be seen as the material for mental phenomena.

Formal Cause (εἶδος, eidos, or μορφή, morphē)

  • Etymology/Original Greek: Eidos means “form” or “shape”, linked to knowing or seeing, while morphē also means “form” but focuses more on the external shape or configuration.
  • Alternative Translation: Essential Cause or Structural Cause – These translations highlight the essence or structure that defines what something is or how it is organized.
  • Relation to Your Material: The ‘Form’ in the Five Skandhas or the archetypal forms in the Five Buddha Families can be seen as the formal cause. They define the nature or essence of experience. This cause ties into how phenomena are understood or categorized in terms of their intrinsic qualities or forms.

Efficient Cause (κινοῦν, kinoûn, or αἰτία τοῦ κινεῖν, aitia tou kinein)

  • Etymology/Original Greek: Kinoûn comes from “to move”, indicating the primary source of change or rest. Aitia tou kinein directly means “the cause of moving”.
  • Alternative Translation: Active Cause or Motive Cause – These terms focus on the action or the agent that initiates or changes something.
  • Relation to Your Material: The ‘Mind’ or consciousness can act as an efficient cause by initiating actions or changes through intention or volition. This aligns with the Karma Family in the Five Buddha Families, where action or the drive to act is central. The ‘Efficient Cause’ could also be seen in the ‘Man’ of the Heaven, Earth, and Man triad, where human activity or consciousness shapes the interaction between the other two realms.

Final Cause (τέλος, telos)

  • Etymology/Original Greek: Telos means “end,” “goal,” or “purpose”.
  • Alternative Translation: Teleological Cause or Purposeful Cause – These emphasize the end or purpose towards which things strive or are directed.
  • Relation to Your Material: The ‘Mind’ as intentionality or purpose mirrors Aristotle’s final cause. Your exploration of how consciousness imbues actions with purpose or directs phenomena towards certain ends is very much in line with telos. The ‘Final Cause’ is evident in the spiritual or philosophical aims discussed, like enlightenment in Buddhist contexts or the harmonious integration in the Heaven, Earth, and Man model, where each component has a purpose in relation to the whole.

In your source material, these causes intersect with the layers and dimensions you explore. The material and formal causes relate to the physical and structural aspects of existence, while the efficient and final causes are more about the dynamics of change and purpose, often centered in consciousness or intentionality. This framework allows for a nuanced understanding of how different aspects of reality interact, evolve, and are perceived.

I still find some of the terms a tad unclear, no doubt due to brevity of expression and difficulty translating things from long ago into today’s language. How does the following sound viz examining an object or creature: 1. Material is the physical matter involved, of what it consists physically. 2. The form or shape such matter or combination of material ingredients manifests as (tree, hand, roof etc.) 3. Function, what it does, how it moves, behaves. 4) Purpose / Intention: what it is doing in its environmental context, a bird foraging for seeds in fruit, ants building shelters underground for their eggs, actors performing on stage to delight their audience. So: 1 Physical constituents 2. Shape or Form 3. Function or Behaviour 4. Purpose or Intention. This being the case, I wonder if Four Causes is not better translated as Four Core Aspects? What do you think? Show more

Answer

Your interpretation and suggested translation are very insightful and could indeed clarify Aristotle’s Four Causes for contemporary readers:

  1. Physical Constituents (Material Cause – ὕλη, hū́lē) – This captures the essence of what something is made of, the raw materials or substances.
  2. Shape or Form (Formal Cause – εἶδος, eidos or μορφή, morphē) – This reflects the idea or essence that gives something its particular identity or structure.
  3. Function or Behaviour (Efficient Cause – κινοῦν, kinoûn or αἰτία τοῦ κινεῖν, aitia tou kinein) – Here, you’ve shifted the focus from the agent of change to the function or behavior, which aligns with how we might understand the cause in terms of what it does or how it operates within its environment. This can be seen as what initiates or sustains the activity or change, but in your description, it’s more about the observable actions or processes.
  4. Purpose or Intention (Final Cause – τέλος, telos) – This encapsulates the end or purpose for which something exists or is directed, which is very much in line with Aristotle’s concept of telos.

Your suggestion to translate “Four Causes” as “Four Core Aspects” is quite apt, especially for a modern context where:

  • Aspects implies characteristics or features of an object or phenomenon, which fits well with how we might analyze or understand something today.
  • Core suggests these are fundamental, essential elements that define or explain the existence and nature of things, resonating with the foundational inquiry into ‘why’ or ‘how’ things are as they are.

The traditional term “causes” might imply a more direct, mechanistic explanation of change or effect, which can sometimes obscure the broader, more philosophical intent behind Aristotle’s framework. “Aspects” better conveys the notion that these are not just about causality in the modern sense but about understanding the essence, operation, form, and purpose of entities.

This translation could indeed make Aristotle’s concepts more accessible and relevant to discussions about how we perceive and analyze the world today, especially when considering non-materialistic dimensions like consciousness, intentionality, and purpose, which are prominent in your series.

Thank you. This has been a productive session. I am glad I just took out the subscription!

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I’m thrilled to hear you found the session productive and that you’ve decided to subscribe. If you have any more questions or need further exploration on any topic in the future, feel free to ask. Enjoy your journey with this new subscription!

Yi: Upcoming Transition period in the US 18-3 > 4 < 54

Another political I Ching Cast and Reading, this one concerning the upcoming post-election period between now and January 20th 2025 when the President Elect takes the oath of office and officially becomes the President of the United States. Trump is a figure around which there is always a certain amount of dynamism mixed with turbulence. It remains to be seen if a peaceful transmission between the current Administration, which has worked hard to convict him of many different crimes, all quite dubious truth be told. So the purpose of this Cast is to evaluate the likelihood of a peaceful transition period.

The main thrust of the Reading below, which takes a positive point of view, is that Hexagram #18 is quite strong, also remarkably apropos. One traditional description, not mentioned in the text below, is that it represents the five most poisonous creatures enclosed together in a large container and the one that survives is the one with the most potent venom which can be used as medicine. So there is toxicity in the mix but also healing. The traditional title in the Wilhelm edition is ‘Work on what has been spoiled’, the inference being that whatever problem is being worked on, success can be achieved.

That said, #10 ‘Treading on the Tiger’s Tail’, involves treading gently on power, symbolized by a tiger. Tigers are dangerous, they are not tame, so treading on them is a tricky business. It also involves leadership in the 3rd place which is leadership at the level of the people. Trump’s stated goal, as clearly expressed in his victory speech, is to return the country to the governance of We the People, which is another reason why I have given this Reading a positive slant.

Hexagram #4 is translated by Wilhelm as ‘Youthful Folly’ and is a generally negative hexagram, at least in terms of the traditional text. Of course all hexagrams are both positive and/or negative. Here I take the progression of Working on What has been spoiled by Treading on the Tiger’s Tail as generally positive therefore the result should be generally positive, i.e. #4 whose trigrams simply indicate flowing water at the base of a stable mountain. I take this to mean that some of the obstacles from lower down, through the 3rd line leadership, will flow rather than swirling around and around as in the Primary Hexagram #18, but core principles will remain standing, unaffected.

That said, Nuclear Hexagram #54 indicates that the inner, or underlying, dynamic of this whole situation involves inappropriate liasons. Obviously the nation is involved with great quarrels, disagreements and political turmoil. Many I Ching aficionados, when there is only one changing line, emphasize its commentary in their Reading. Here it is simple: “Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. There will be a little remorse. No great blame.” The protagonists inherit a challenge from the previous generation (or administration, or period). Correcting this will involve ‘remorse’, or resistance, hesitation, confusion, difficulty. ‘No great blame’ means one must have faith that one’s course is correct despite any difficulty rather than interpreting such obstacles as deriving from one’s own failings.

Taken altogether, I would say that the upcoming period is going to be difficult. The #4 Youthful Folly Hexagram is concerning if that indeed is the fruition of the whole dynamic. But #4 is also the first traditional pair after the initial #1 and #1 which are somewhat primordial hexagrams, all yang or all yin. #3 is Difficult Beginnings with the sense that one is starting a large, important process; #4 has to do with Learning. Learning has a paradox: all of us fundamentally know our own nature, or in Buddhist terms we are all Buddhas already, we have just lost knowledge of this and so pretend our confusion has permanently separated us from this innate wisdom. This confusion is the Folly in #4. In the political context, perhaps we could say that all the major players actually know what the US Constitution was set up to protect and engender as well as when people sometimes fail to live up to it or actively try to work around it. We all know what is right and wrong, in other words. That is where this process is headed, therefore: back to the beginnings, the source, the spring at the foot of the mountain. The nation is headed back to its naive, essential beginnings despite being currently quite toxic.

Thus in terms of there being a peaceful transition, I would say ‘no’, not completely but pockets of resistance and obfuscation will be handled and the result will be a fresh start in January 2025. So this introduction provides in many ways a better Reading than the offered document below, but as with all my Readings, most of the text provides more or less traditional analysis, with references, from various texts, typical trigram meanings, line associations, Heaven Earth & Man and so forth. From that material, the Reader will find him or herself already forming their own opinion or inklings. Then you can read the main Image and Judgement on the front page and either agree or disagree. Where you disagree, you can contemplate what you think is a better interpretation and at that point you have your own ‘Reading’.

Enjoy.

P.S. 11/11: There is a much more negative slant that is glaringly obvious just using the broad headlines of the main hexagrams, the Primary #18 Decay and #4 Youthful Folly. Some Readers base most of their reading on the Derived, in which case #4’s commentary basically states: ‘you are asking the Oracle too much too often; back off!’ This is interesting because as I climbed the stairs to get my text and coins to make the cast downstairs I was thinking to myself that perhaps it is time to pull back from these Current Affairs casts. There is something overly mundane and generic about the subject matter and, although I am interested in such events, I am not all that interested truth be told. So I suspect this might be the last of this ilk that gets published on this little blog.

As the moving-into-an-unfinished house period progresses, it looks like most of the heavy lifting around the main house will be over fairly soon after which more remote projects, like building a structure with roof and gate around our parking area, and then building a pottery oven for my wife, will unfold, but they are away from the house and now that we have a storage shed, which took an unconscionable two months to build instead of the promised two weeks, the clutter of boxes in place now since the initial move three months ago, can finally be put in order and we can begin to settle in here as a true home, not just a place we recently moved all our stuff into. Adjusting to the altitude has taken time, and I suspect it is not just altitude but also something to do with the local energy, but the worst is over so it’s time to get more active. And THEN, once some furniture has been built and all the construction is over and we have the place to ourselves, then I’ll lean into the Layers and Levels project, which I think is promising, much of which will surface here on the blog as regularly published chapters. At some point I’ll have to pull the whole thing together to put it into book form which hopefully will end up on Amazon or some such.

All of which is a long form of saying: I suspect this is the last political Yi for some time. In the words of the old text:

Wilhelm/Baynes:

Youthful Folly has success. It is not I who seek the young fool; the young fool seeks me. At the first oracle I inform him. If he asks two or three times, it is importunity. If he importunes, I give him no information. Perseverance furthers.

So I will keep studying and consulting the Yi, but to gain insight about personal or philosophical matters, not the news, most of which is performative lies in any case, on all sides of every controversy.

Yi: two Casts on the upcoming US Election

One Cast queries what a combined Trump & Kennedy administration might look like; the other is an Event cast using the time of the last poll closing in Alaska (20:00 pm local time) as the referent.

Frankly, I find both somewhat hard to Read and hesitate to publish, but perhaps after the Big Event (which will probably take months to play out between now and January 20th 2025) some aspects will loom forth. The one about the combined Administration is somewhat complex with three changing lines, two in the lower and one in the upper trigrams. So perhaps my lack of clarity on this topic is reasonable: this is an event involving hundreds of millions of people and many different power networks with both good and subversive intentions. However, the three changing lines begin with unbalanced turbulence (Water) changing to balanced clarity and mutual connection (Fire), so hopefully this will turn out well.

Yi: How to best use & understand the Yi: 36,5 > 63 < 40

A personal Yi. My wife recently travelled to Mexico City to help care for her dying aunt, who passed two days ago. Whilst there she bought me a nice notebook whose cover reproduces a Chinese-style painting of blue bird in branches with leaves which the description inside states used to be in Queen Victoria’s bedroom. I have decided to use this as the book in which I record my Yi consultations, replacing the current one which have used the past five years or so, making this Cast the first in this new book which might quite possibly be the last one in this life given am almost 70.

Even though I used to do such things easily on computers forty years ago, am unable to find a way to simply crop the book from the photo leaving out the background. No doubt it is just as easy to do as it used to be but the Linux programs I have now have so many features that I cannot find this simple crop function. Oh well…

Image niggles aside, as I leisurely went through the texts the Cast makes very simple sense. Hopefully, although essentially written for the Author, the embedded Document speaks for itself.

Layers & Levels Chapter 12

Multilayered Political Debate

In the next few chapters, we will explore the Layers & Levels premise in contemporary, everyday settings versus mapping out various lists from philosophical or spiritual traditions. For example, a couple of nights ago there was a widely watched debate between two candidates for US President, Trump and Harris. I am not going to get into the nitty-gritty of their positions but rather provide a somewhat macro view using it as an interesting example of Layers and Levels in real-time action. Here follows a simple list of several layers and levels, AKA aspects or factors. Don’t expect life-changing insights; the point here is to pay more attention to what we are perceiving and which we often taken for granted. Put another way: to notice what we notice often without noticing that we are noticing it!


So this post is not about the debate so much as using the debate as a convenient subject to view its many involved layers and levels.

In no particular order:

LIST

  • US Presidential Election, voting starts next week, Election Day is November 5th
  • Trump was President before, Harris is current Vice President. Unusual.
  • Hosted by ABC; Trump currently in defamation lawsuit against ABC, so bad blood with network whose coverage of Harris as candidate is 100% positive and of Trump is 95% negative.
  • A debate is between two rivals for the same office with rules and moderators, both from ABC, and who choose the questions, as agreed to by both candidates.
  • No audience. Just two moderators, two candidates and film crew. 50+ million watch remotely.
  • Harris is unusual candidate since she was not selected by a 6+ month primary process. Biden, who recently dropped out, won 14 million primary votes. The Party adopted Harris. She is an institutionally supported candidate who has not received any votes from the electorate yet.
  • Trump is unusual because he was President before and then got voted out in 2020 in a heavily contested election during which the Courts refused to adjudicate when asked for ‘lack of standing’. There are strong feelings on both sides.
  • Trump is accused of inciting an insurrection; his supporters believe he is the victim of a false flag riot. Bad blood on both sides.
  • The Biden administration has put Trump through more than four court cases for personal and official crimes, which is unprecedented. None of the cases involves a very clear crime, all are flimsy. This weaponization of the Justice system to persecute a political opponent is widely perceived as dangerous to the longevity of the Republic.
  • Trump has also been found guilty of sexual assault by a woman who cannot recall the day, week, month or year of the alleged event. Usually such an accusation would not be permitted in a Court of Law but against Trump it has been.
  • Trump is a man, Harris is a woman, potentially the first to hold the office in US history. Trump is blond and white; Harris is dark-skinned.
  • Harris is not an American black descended from slaves two hundred years ago so she is not a typical American black despite often being so labelled.
  • Harris is a ‘California liberal’ where she served as Attorney General. There are several controversies from her time there, some of which involve treating black men very harshly involving drug convictions. She is also accused of falsely imprisoning over 1,000 black men for refusing to acknowledge a mistake.
  • Trump has extensive history going back decades first as a well-known NYC development executive, then as a Reality TV show front man (The Apprentice); as President he was under continual attack by the media who falsely accused him of colluding with President Putin of Russia, and by the DC Establishment. Half the country loves him and half the country hates him, convinced he is dangerously corrupt. He is not a normal candidate.
  • Even though of late about 15 million illegals have entered the country, many of them dangerous third world criminals, and even though there was a period of high inflation, and even though President Biden stepped aside and was officially described as too frail to answer for his crimes in front of a jury, and even though Trump has been through several civil and criminal trials and been found guilty in two of them, the election, improbably, is reportedly neck and neck.
  • There is widespread skepticism about US elections with a majority of the population believing they are ‘rigged’ or not fairly counted. There is considerable evidence of both ballot and machine fraud but the mainstream media insists all such notions are just conspiracy theories.
  • The US election system is a complicated combination of counting votes as in a ‘democracy’ but apportioning them on a State by State basis lest two or three big urban areas determine the outcome every election. In recent elections about six medium-sized cities in ‘swing states’ determine the outcome which in 2016 and 2020 was a difference of about 100,000 or less votes out of 130-50 million cast.
  • Around 15-20 million illegals entered the country, helped by the USG in ways that have not been admitted or explained; many are given free transportation, lodging, medical care and are being encouraged to vote. Of late criminal gangs have started taking over buildings and there have regularly been murders and rapes. The Government insists there is no problem, indeed they falsely insist that crime is going down even though in NYC 75% of arrests are of illegal aliens and recent USG official statistics show a significant rise since 2020 in all major crimes.
  • Over-arching geopolitical situation with the NATO axis bifurcating from the ‘Rest of the World’ led by the Russia, China, India BRICS group who are trying to break free from control by the ‘Hegemonic US Empire’. Conflicts in Ukraine and elsewhere are seen as part of this ongoing geopolitical tectonic shift.
  • Geopolitically it is not clear if both Harris and Trump are into perpetuating the Hegemony or if Trump’s America First policies will return her to being less of an Empire and more of a typical independent sovereign nation state, which may even join the multipolar world espoused by Putin and Xi.
  • Many believe we are entering a technology-driven totalitarian dystopia, a natural evolution of the Industrial Revolution which itself derives from an increasing emphasis on materialistic mindset which regards all life as essentially mechanical and without soul, purpose or any non-material value. Rights to privacy will be stripped by identity-based and tracked electronic currencies.
  • America was the undisputed World Nr 1 politically, militarily, economically and culturally; that is no longer the case though the jury is still out. Trump claims to want to restore America to pre-eminence, though is also against endless wars, and largely disliked by the Neocons who always want war.
  • Harris has been part of a left-leaning movement in the Democrat Party that wants socialized services including medicine and generally wants more government whereas most little-r republican types want less.
  • In the past thirty plus years, the US and/or global Elites have decreased manufacturing in the US to the point where the population depends on other countries for basics like steel and medicines. America does not make its own aspirin any more, for example, and when the pandemic hit it turned out that only one manufacturer could make masks, supplying about 10% of pre-pandemic levels and unable to meet new demand – most products are like that now. This has hollowed out the skilled working class and is largely responsible for Trump’s political rise. The elites are widely seen as being anti small-town, ‘Main Street’ Americans, (especially those who are white and go to church!).
  • The latter have been attacked by cultural initiatives which denigrate white people in general (they are immoral colonialists who murdered millions of native people), men in particular (‘toxic masculinity’); movies feature female leads even in the action genre, not to mention increasing numbers of homosexuals and transgenders which serve to devalue ordinary heterosexual relationships, marriage and raising children, so-called ‘family values’. Much of the current conservative or republic party membership feel under attack by overbearing elites.
  • If nothing else, the large influx of immigrants from all over the world increases the sense of living in ‘Babel’, further weakening and undermining any sense of cultural and civilizational homogeneity in the US. This has made the electorate feel anxious, not confident. Some watching the debate want reassurance.
  • Trump has made great inroads with blacks, especially men, and Hispanics. He is also increasingly seen as a champion of the working classes, especially those in skilled trades, whereas the Democrats are increasingly the home of those who are disaffected with America as a vision and want something entirely different, also university-educated left-leaning academics, think tanks and so on who increasingly control all branches of local and national governance.
  • Kennedy just joined the Trump campaign and they are offering a historic, potentially game-changing Coalition. Trump did not mention this during the debate, which may prove a fatal error on his part, but the development could be extremely important depending upon how it unfolds the next two months.
  • Trump survived an assassination attempt in which the blatant neglect of the Biden Administration run Secret Service raises many questions –of course not being raised by the mainstream media – 90% of whom openly back Democrats and daily demonize Trump. Harris entirely ignored this dimension of Trump’s persona, describing him only as a convicted criminal and insurrectionist, as her side always does, whilst also decrying all the division in the nation which she wants to heal, whilst salting that wound further. Her supporters do not see the hypocrisy and double standards. The viewership is deeply divided.
  • Trump is not a career politician and is hated almost as much by career politician GOP insiders as by career politician Dems. Harris is a career politician par excellence having only worked for government her entire career.
  • Trump gets votes from about 90% of the counties in the US but not the major urban ones; the Dems get the urban votes which outnumber the rural ones. If it were not for the Electoral College system, the Dems would win every election by a landslide. Most people on welfare vote for them, as will nearly every illegal immigrant (to continue to receive free room and board from the State).
  • In order to win, Trump has to win by a convincing landslide otherwise the ballots and machines will tweak the results and the Establishment will continue to persecute him. Harris only has to win by a whisker, like Joe Biden did in 2020. Republicans fear the republic will not weather this and America as originally constituted will no longer exist if this election is lost. More anxiety.
  • Class: upper classes process this differently from lower classes; working poor differently from those on welfare; those who have lived in the US for generations differently from those more recently, and also illegally, arrived; women from men – especially when there is a female candidate. So how different groups process the same ostensible facts or events is another layer.
  • The debate is part of a process to attract votes in order to win a contest. Like much of America, it is adversarial, combative. So it is not a way for the American people to explore various issues from different points of view, rather a way for one person to persuade the voting public that they are more worthy of their vote than their opponent. In many ways, therefore, the contest overshadows the issues. Many – though by no means all – find the process unpleasant and unsatisfying and find themselves more confused after the debate than before.
  • Inside, not outside. Viewed on television and computer screens, not a live event.

Okay, I could go on for pages. But as you can see, this simple event of two people on a stage ‘debating’ comprises no end of layers and levels in the mix. We call it a debate between two candidates, which of course it is, but so many themes are layered into its nature, both causing it to come to be and involved in each and every sentence uttered by the moderators and each candidate. The nature of our intelligence is that we automatically process these layers, perhaps not each of us each layer, but most of them, instantly.

So this Layers and Levels series is a casual exploration about how our experience, aka ‘reality’, is indeed multi-layered. Always. I’ll be coming up with more examples over time, though am still in the ending construction process of moving into a new home so it will be a while before regular writing ensues again.

Haiku: Arrival of Autumn

In response to SeasonWords this week:

Mist creeping down the hills
Slinking unseen under the door sills at night…
We pull the blankets a little tighter

Dark clouds above yielding a bright circle of glorious blue
Behind and around darkly echoing thunder and rain
Ginger, our dog, shivering in her cubby hole

Yesterday arrived our cast iron wood stove
Today Amazon delivers red flannel sheets
Surrounded by brooding mists waiting for rains to end…

Arrival of autumn

(We live a few hundred yards above the coffee belt altitude at about 5,500 feet, two hours from the Gulf of Mexico which wafts in mucho humidity, so our equivalent to autumn is the end of the rainy season, which started in June-July and is just now beginning to taper off though will continue into October. Where we are, nearly every night for 1-3 hours we get torrential downpours hammering on our metal roof with thunder a-plenty, often surrounded by low-hanging clouds which when you are in them look like mist. The days are sunny and warm, like perfect spring or early summer weather. As it happens, the hint of the rainy season ending has just started this week, which is about as close as we are going to get to autumn, I suspect. When the rains finally end, almost immediately after comes winter, which lasts about 4 months. It hardly ever goes below about 5C (40F?), so not too bad, but still: we will be using that wood stove!)

In the SeasonWords preamble he mentioned a list of traditional categories used in Japanese haiku composition (http://www.2hweb.net/haikai/renku/500ESWd.html), some of which are heaven, earth and man, so I wrote the following in response going over some of the material I presented here as a Layers and Level Chapter. I shall be continuing that project soon once we have finished getting through a ‘welcome flu’, altitude adjustment and finishing up building a proper storage shed to put all our too many boxes in and start to turn the new house into a home rather than a way station! The comment:

Glad to see you are back, and with such an interesting post. I shall try to make up a couple of haiku in response but first I wanted to offer, for those interested, an essay I wrote a while back about Heaven, Earth and Man which is mentioned in the category list. They are an extremely old triad but also used by many traditionally trained artists to this day in Asia but are not much written about or explained. I tried to make a stab at it because I studied with a Tibetan artist-teaching the 1970’s who also studied Japanese Flower Arranging wherein Heaven Earth and Man were the core principles used around which composition was structured to reflect. For example, the first flowers (or with a large one a branch) is Heaven and tends to be tall and over-arching; the second is Earth and is often a clump of smaller branches or flowers which compliment Heaven’s first over-arching one; then Man ties them both together making them more dynamic somehow. This is an outer, or physical, description but the Triad works on the inner, or mental/atmospheric, level as well. So Heaven is the initial atmosphere or mood. (This is what is being supplied by the kigo.) It is the first brushstroke which is still very open-ended, without a conclusion or point. Earth provides relationship, a next step, something more tangible. The two together create more than just each one. A splendid sunset (Heaven) is different if one is viewing them from a mountain or a beach; a stormy sky is different from a blue sky, so there is stormy Heaven versus Peaceful Heaven. Then you have trees blowing madly in the stormy situation. And Man might be a diminutive figure in a boat wrestling in a raging river; or in a Peaceful Sky, lazy Palm Tree (Heaven & Earth), Man might be a monkey scratching his neighbour, or a child picking flowers, bringing the scene to life somehow.Many, though not all, haikus follow a Heaven Earth Man structure with the last line being Man, often having some sort of surprise, colour, passion to bring the whole thing together into a vivid moment of nowness.

My essay about it: https://baronbrasdor.art/2024/02/21/layers-levels-chapter-five-heaven-earth-man/(Sorry if that is too long; as you can tell, I find the Heaven Earth Man topic of interest!)

    USA: Unity Party murmurs

    The following is from a (overly long) comment I offered on the MoA (Moon of Alabama) blog this morning (as user name Scorpion). Am somewhat reluctantly willing to entertain the possibility that this latest political development could prove significant.

    Posted by: Ново З | Aug 25 2024 23:07 utc | 49

    “..As to DJT being lame duck: yes, but maybe Bobby gets his 5% this November and wins as an Independent for next eight years. . .. Posted by: Scorpion | Aug 25 2024 21:38 utc | 45

    Do you write more than you read, Scorpion? RFKjr has withdrawn from the election.

    You are wrong; read more. He is withdrawing his name from the ballot, on which citizens record their vote, in the ten main swing, or battleground, states wherein a few cities, most controlled by the DNC machine, often determine the national result. He remains on the ballot in the remaining 40 states wherein if he gets 5% of the national tally his candidacy (or Party?) qualifies for significant government funding next election and will get different treatment (perhaps) from the media etc. It is a significant hurdle.

    Apparently he and Trump have been talking of a Unity government for some time, indeed they started in 2016 but Trump finked out as he became entirely outmanoeuvred in DC as many above have noted.

    Have slowly been adjusting my habitual good versus evil, right vs wrong, filter over the years and come to the conclusion that both individually and collectively most are a combination. We all have positives and negatives and I now think the same of Trump and others. Barring the whole thing is kayfabe – which often provides the most reasonable explanation – I think Trump is a combination of bad and good ideas/policy aspirations, some of which he is more able to push forward more than others (and some of which are beneficial, others not). Most of the Establishment didn’t want The Wall, for example, but he was within about 6 months of completing most of the key areas when he left office in 2021. He had to classify it as a national emergency and use funds allocated by Congress to the military in order to finance it, and as typical with DJT the builder, it ended up costing less than most had forecast and went up fast once he had got through the many hurdles in the Courts and Congress.

    A left-right Unity government in principle has the potential to change the Uniparty grasp on power in the States. Chances are that everything Honzo and suzan and others say to the contrary is correct, but again I think there are some positives in the mix, and not just aspirational. Bobby, clearly a troubled soul in many ways, also has a solid track record going up against major corporations and winning, and with verifiable results to boot, as the Hudson river demonstrates which in turn spawned a conservation association that is making a real-world difference, now world wide. He knows how to fight the Big Boys and Get Things Done, no small thing.

    Trump also, to build buildings, has to go through sometimes 10-20 years of red tape and litigation involving not only competitors and local crime cartels (when in NYC for example), but all levels of government, municipal, State and Federal, wherein are many enemies as well as friends. Many times he failed but many times he succeeded and generally his buildings are of good quality and often quite interesting. By all accounts his Post Office to world class hotel conversion in DC was excellent and this is typical of his work. That work involves patience, tenacity and navigating through shark-infested waters to end up actually Getting Something Done. Most of his critics would not have the chops to build a single skyscraper in NYC or luxury golf course etc. and yet they look down on him scornfully as no more than a blowhard. He is that, but not only. Many working people, especially men, see him as one of their own; because he actually is. People are so used to everything being entirely phony these days that it is hard to perceive when something not entirely phony presents itself. Again: a mix.

    So I am hopeful that if this union has legs, they might actually start to shift the paradigm. One theme emerging, which I think has some truth to it, is that ‘it’s not left versus right anymore but reasonable versus crazy’. There is a Youtube with Bret Weinstein and PBD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju4ff_Ud99A that has an interesting conversation, IMO. Bret is positive, and he was one of the leading alternative US intellectuals who went down to the Darien Gap to see for himself what was happening and came back to report on Tucker’s widely watched independent platform. He wants his country to do well, morally as well as politically, and is putting his shoulder to the wheel to help make it happen. He finds the alignment ‘monumental’, the biggest thing potentially since 1776. That might be over the top but think: if ordinary Americans can capture the middle and relegate the Uniparty Dems and GOP to the fringe, they really might have a shot at Draining the Swamp once they get the WH and enough votes in Congress to move things through. The only way this can happen is with a veritable landslide in November. Ideally they should get NY and California and just about everything else. This is what is being proposed.

    Yes, the PTB are deeply corrupt and quite powerful. But they are not the sum of all in the mix. Can the American system actually accommodate the wishes of ordinary, largely decent We the People or has the entire thing been captured by Bad Actors as so many have gradually ‘woken up’ to realize?

    I think there is a mix in the mix, though one never knows if one is not being ‘fooled again’.

    Yi: RFK Jr joining with DJT 45 > 46 < 53

    Another Current Affairs Yi Reading, this about upcoming possible union of RFK Jr and Donald Trump. No changing lines; very positive outlook. This was cast before the official announcement tomorrow. I’ll wait to see what they all say and do another one; then we can watch what happens.

    Earlier this month I did one about Kamala Harris soon after she was selected to replace Biden. I got #16 Enthusiasm, which is quite cheery albeit with the bottom two lines changing indicating a serious lack of support from the people (Earth). These two lines changing led to #54 which has to do with bad relationships, inappropriate liasons, sometimes also called Usurper (Biden received this same Hexagram when I queried about him around the time he was inaugurated); and her Nuclear is #39 Impasse which recommends going back and starting over. In other words, very negative prospects. As of time of writing, she has picked up in the polls albeit not enough to win easily, if at all, and this after almost a month of highly positive press – fawning some might say. If she gives a persuasive speech at her Convention’s end tonight she should get more of a bounce but if I go on the basis of the I Ching, most likely it will soon fizzle out. She has not demonstrated clear leadership qualities thus far in her life and doesn’t seem qualified for the job, though as Vice President she should be. But as such she doesn’t seem to have taken a very active role in anything though she was promoted to the nation for a while as Border Czar. Presumably she succeeded in that role by helping over ten million people into the country illegally, but if this was clearly explained to the voting public chances are they would abandon her. The American voting public seems to have a very large quotient of idiots who cannot form an opinion for themselves and depend upon media and other celebrities to tell them whom to support, so any candidate on Team Blue has a viable shot to win, even if that candidate was a pumpkin in a tutu. But again, if we go by the I Ching which am doing here for fun in these I Ching Readings, looks like DJT + RJK Jr will be a good partnership and the Kamala Harris candidacy is weak at best.

    We shall soon see what transpires.

    Yi: Trump’s Election Prospects 15-1,4,5 > 37 < 40

    Gua #15 Humble Leader
    Huang: The Complete I Ching

    Combining the esoteric, airy-fairy I Ching with ugly American politics has cost this blog readership for sure, but on we go nonetheless! And it must also be said that this Reading about Trump’s electoral prospects is unusually upbeat, even for the Yi which as presented in the classical texts clearly demonstrates a certain bias towards positivity. That being said, Huang’s well-grounded commentary rightly emphasizes how auspicious Hexagram #15 is generally regarded. Furthermore, the Past Influence of Grace or Elegance preceding Humility closely tracked what was widely regarded as Trump’s experience and demeanour, first narrowly escaping being martyred by a bullet passing less than an inch away from cutting his life force and then by having a stated desire to promote unity over division, to soften up his approach.

    So the Hexagrams track the event well and are generally quite soft and positive. The Future Influence indicates that these changes in Trump’s character, destiny and the situation will endure and they lead into #37 Family – which can also be a nation or political party – enjoying good relations featuring both love and respect. And the Nuclear Hexagram expresses some sort of Relief after a storm passes, which also feels apropos to ongoing events. The Changing Line is pointed: act forcefully against enemies, specifically: “It is favorable to attack with force. Nothing that would not further.

    OK, here is the full Reading in pdf format. The Judgment is all on the first page with subsequent pages showing the analysis using various different methods including the classic Zhou text, trigram, line and Heaven-Earth-Man analysis and then some sort of attempt to put it all together – which again is on the front page. Enjoy! (And apologies to those many who hate Trump for such a positive reading but after you read the classic text, I think you’ll agree that I was just going with the Hexagrams rather than projecting my own desires – I am neutral on US politics though I do hope the country, especially all her citizens, can do better in the future.)

    Also of note: the Nuclear in this Reading, #40, was the Primary in last week’s Cast about the Assassination attempt https://baronbrasdor.art/2024/07/14/yi-trump-assassination-attempt-40-4-7-63/ .

    Also note that recently a Reading recommended that Biden leave the race soon, possibly also the Office of the Presidency: https://baronbrasdor.art/2024/07/05/yi-biden-post-debate-prognosis-33-12-1-44/

    And in another recent Reading about whether or not elections can effect substantive reform, Line 3 featured prominently as the key to the right sort of leadership needed. This essentially means that leadership has to come from We the People level because the current leadership class above is problematic, aka corrupt. https://baronbrasdor.art/2024/07/18/yi-update-can-an-election-help-restore-the-american-republic/

    Yi Update: Can an election help restore the American Republic?

    In response to a question, I revisited an old Yi Reading and fashioned a new interpretation by adding in William Horden’s I Ching Mathematics which yields Past and Future influence hexagrams. The blog page is: https://baronbrasdor.art/2023/04/21/2023-4-21-can-a-presidential-election-restore-the-american-republic-35-3-56-39/

    At the bottom of the page have embedded the updated PDF Reading. Basically, the answer is positive but more action on the States than the Federal level is called for.

    This post has now been put up on the substack too: https://ashleyschowes.substack.com/p/yi-revision-can-elections-salvage

    For those who don’t want to wade through the two original Readings and just review the latest one: